Synthetic-Creative Intelligence and Psychometric Intelligence: Analysis of the Threshold Theory and Creative Process
Keywords:
zekâ, yaratıcılık, eşik kuramı, creativity, intelligence, threshold theoryAbstract
Abstract
There has been an increasing body of research to uncover the relationship between creativity and intelligence. This relationship usually has been examined using traditional measures of intelligence and seldom using new approaches (i.e. Ferrando et al. 2005). In this work, creativi- ty is measured by tools developed based on Sternberg’s successful intelligence theory. Our aims were two-folded: to examine the relation- ship between intelligence and creativity and to investigate possible differences on the creative process depending on students’ level of intelli- gence. A total of 385 students from primary and secondary schools took part in the study. Students completed 5 tasks from the Aurora Battery aimed to measure the synthetic- creative intelligence. They also completed the Cattell’s general intelligence test. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences depending on students’ level of in- telligence on the five tasks of creativity, always favouring the more intelligent group. In rela- tion to the creative process, the three groups (low, average and highly intelligent students) showed similar patterns: they performed bet- ter at the end and weaker at the beginning of mot of the tasks. Students with lower intelli- gence were more stable in their performance across tasks than students with average and higher I.Q were.
Öz
Yaratıcılık ve zekâ arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya çıkarmaya çalışan birçok araştırma bulunmak- tadır. Bu ilişki araştırılırken genellikle gelenek- sel zeka ölçümlerine, nadiren de yeni yak- laşımlara başvurulmaktadır (Ferranda et al. 2006). Bu çalışmada yaratıcılık, Sternberg’in başarılı zekâ teorisine dayalı araçlarla ölçül- müştür. Çalışmanın iki amacı vardır; birincisi yaratıcılık ve zekâ arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmak, ikincisi ise zekâ düzeylerine göre yaratıcı süreçteki olası farklılıkları incelemek- tir. Çalışma 385 ilkokul ve ortaokul öğrencisi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Öğrencilere Aurora Ba- taryasındaki sentetik-yaratıcı zeka ile ilgili 5 görev ve Cattell’in genel zekâ testi uygu- lanmıştır. Sonuçlara göre yaratıcılık görevleri- nin tamamında zeka düzeyi yüksek gurup le- hine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar bu- lunmuştur. Zekâ ile yaratıcılık süreci arasındaki ilişki üç grup (zekâ düzeyi alt, orta ve üst) için de benzerlik göstermektedir: Öğ- rencilerin performanslar görevin baş- langıcından sonuna doğru giderek artmıştır. Alt gruptaki öğrencilerin üst ve orta guruptaki öğrencilere göre daha kararlı performans sergi- ledikleri görülmüştür (alt guruptaki öğrenciler tüm görevlerde benzer performans sergiledik- leri söylenebilir).
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