Policy Design for Secure Data Rotation in Multi-Tenant Oracle Cloud Database Environments

Abstract

Secure data rotation is a critical component of multi-tenant cloud database security, ensuring that encryption keys, credentials, and privilege artifacts are refreshed regularly to prevent long-term exposure and unauthorized persistence. In Oracle multi-tenant environments, rotation policies must operate without disrupting ongoing transactions, altering tenant isolation boundaries, or compromising application consistency. This study evaluates three rotation strategiesfull database re-encryption, incremental table-level key cycling, and token-only credential refreshacross varying concurrency and workload conditions. Results show that while full re-encryption provides the highest confidentiality guarantee, incremental rotation offers a more practical balance of stability and performance for live systems. Token-based rotation proved efficient for preventing credential persistence but required precise synchronization across distributed session layers. Across all approaches, coordinated rollback logic, checkpoint-based state tracking, and verifiable audit logging were found to be essential for ensuring reliable and compliant rotation execution. The findings emphasize that secure data rotation must be orchestrated as a continuous operational process rather than a periodic administrative action.